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All remaining arguments are names of input files; if no input files are specified, then the standard input is read. sedbug-gnu-utils@gnu.orgE-mail bug reports to: %s . Be sure to include the word ``%s'' somewhere in the ``Subject:'' field. helpversionsilentquietfileexpressionrxtestPOSIXLY_CORRECThnrVe:f:3.02GNU %s version %s Copyright (C) 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc.%s This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, to the extent permitted by law. rCan't find label for jump to '%s'Unexpected ','Multiple '!'s} doesn't want any addresses: doesn't want any addressesstrings for y command are different lengthsUnterminated address regexwmultiple number options to 's' commandnumber option to 's' command may not be zeroUnknown option to 's'Called savchar() with unexpected pushback (%x)%s: file %s line %lu: %s %s: -e expression #%lu, char %lu: %s %s: can't read %s: %s input read error: %sINTERNAL ERROR: bad address type%03o\ $ %lu INTERNAL ERROR: Bad cmd %c%s: {standard input}{standard output}{standard error}{Unknown file pointer}Couldn't open file %sscouldn't write %d item%s to %s: %sread error on %s: %sCouldn't flush %sCouldn't close %sCouldn't allocate memoryCouldn't re-allocate memory--%s: option `%s' is ambiguous %s: option `--%s' doesn't allow an argument %s: option `%c%s' doesn't allow an argument %s: option `%s' requires an argument %s: unrecognized option `--%s' %s: unrecognized option `%c%s' %s: illegal option -- %c %s: invalid option -- %c %s: option requires an argument -- %c %s: option `-W %s' is ambiguous %s: option `-W %s' doesn't allow an argument Unmatched ) or \)Regular expression too bigPremature end of regular expressionInvalid preceding regular expressionMemory exhaustedInvalid range endInvalid content of \{\}Unmatched \{Unmatched ( or \(Unmatched [ or [^Invalid back referenceTrailing backslashInvalid character class nameInvalid collation characterInvalid regular expressionNo matchSuccessalnumalphablankcntrldigitgraphlowerprintpunctspaceupperxdigitBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBDBTBBBBBBBB8BBBBhBCommand only uses one addressCommand doesn't take any addressesExtra characters after commandUnexpected End-of-filebad regexp: %s Unmatched `{'Unexpected `}'No previous regular expressionMissing commandUnterminated `s' commandUnterminated `y' commandLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLHJLLJLLLLLLJLLJJLLLLLJLJLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLI|JIJLLJJILLJLJLJJJK|JLLKJKLPILpI[`[[[[<]H]x]`]]T]l]ue`e`eLe`e`e`e`e`e`eb`e`ec with a brief description of your interest.  File: sed.info, Node: Reporting Bugs, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Other Resources, Up: Top Reporting bugs ************** Email bug reports to . Be sure to include the word "sed" somewhere in the "Subject:" field.  File: sed.info, Node: Concept Index, Next: Command and Option Index, Prev: Reporting Bugs, Up: Top Concept Index ************* This is a general index of all issues discussed in this manual, with the exception of the SED commands and command-line options. * Menu: * Adding a block of text after a line: Other Commands. * Address, as a regular expression: Addresses. * Address, last line: Addresses. * Address, numeric: Addresses. * Addresses, in SED scripts: Addresses. * Addtional reading about SED: Other Resources. * Append hold space to pattern space: Other Commands. * Append next input line to pattern space: Other Commands. * Append pattern space to hold space: Other Commands. * Backreferences, in regular expressions: Common Commands. * Branch to a label, if s/// succeeded: Programming Commands. * Branch to a label, unconditionally: Programming Commands. * Buffer spaces, pattern and hold: Data Spaces. * Bugs, reporting: Reporting Bugs. * Case-insensitive matching: Common Commands. * Caveat -- #n on first line: Common Commands. * Caveat -- p command and -n flag: Common Commands. * Command groups: Common Commands. * Comments, in scripts: Common Commands. * Conditional branch: Programming Commands. * Copy hold space into pattern space: Other Commands. * Copy pattern space into hold space: Other Commands. * Delete first line from pattern space: Other Commands. * Deleting lines: Common Commands. * Exchange hold space with pattern space: Other Commands. * Excluding lines: Addresses. * Files to be processed as input: Invoking SED. * Flow of control in scripts: Programming Commands. * Global substitution: Common Commands. * GNU extensions, I modifier <1>: Common Commands. * GNU extensions, I modifier: Addresses. * GNU extensions, N~M addresses: Addresses. * GNU extensions, unlimited line length: Limitations. * Goto, in scripts: Programming Commands. * Grouping commands: Common Commands. * Hold space, appending from pattern space: Other Commands. * Hold space, appending to pattern space: Other Commands. * Hold space, copy into pattern space: Other Commands. * Hold space, copying pattern space into: Other Commands. * Hold space, definition: Data Spaces. * Hold space, exchange with pattern space: Other Commands. * Insert text from a file: Other Commands. * Inserting a block of text before a line: Other Commands. * Labels, in scripts: Programming Commands. * Last line, selecting: Addresses. * Line number, print: Other Commands. * Line selection: Addresses. * Line, selecting by number: Addresses. * Line, selecting by regular expression match: Addresses. * Line, selecting last: Addresses. * List pattern space: Other Commands. * Next input line, append to pattern space: Other Commands. * Next input line, replace pattern space with: Common Commands. * Parenthesized substrings: Common Commands. * Pattern space, definition: Data Spaces. * Portability, comments: Common Commands. * Portability, line length limitations: Limitations. * Portability, p command and -n flag: Common Commands. * Print first line from pattern space: Other Commands. * Print line number: Other Commands. * Print selected lines: Common Commands. * Print unambiguous representation of pattern space: Other Commands. * Printing text after substitution: Common Commands. * Quitting: Common Commands. * Range of lines: Addresses. * Read next input line: Common Commands. * Read text from a file: Other Commands. * Replace hold space with copy of pattern space: Other Commands. * Replace pattern space with copy of hold space: Other Commands. * Replace specific input lines: Other Commands. * Replacing all text matching regexp in a line: Common Commands. * Replacing only Nth match of regexp in a line: Common Commands. * Replacing text matching regexp: Common Commands. * Replacing text matching regexp, options: Common Commands. * Script structure: sed Programs. * Script, from a file: Invoking SED. * Script, from command line: Invoking SED. * SED program structure: sed Programs. * Selected lines, replacing: Other Commands. * Selecting lines to process: Addresses. * Selecting non-matching lines: Addresses. * Several lines, selecting: Addresses. * Slash character, in regular expressions: Addresses. * Spaces, pattern and hold: Data Spaces. * Standard input, processing as input: Invoking SED. * Stream editor: Introduction. * Substitution of text: Common Commands. * Substitution of text, options: Common Commands. * Text, appending: Other Commands. * Text, insertion: Other Commands. * Transliteration: Other Commands. * Usage summary, printing: Invoking SED. * Version, printing: Invoking SED. * Write result of a substitution to file: Common Commands. * Write to a file: Other Commands.  File: sed.info, Node: Command and Option Index, Prev: Concept Index, Up: Top Command and Option Index ************************ This is an alphabetical list of all SED commands and command-line opions. * Menu: * # (comment) command: Common Commands. * --expression: Invoking SED. * --file: Invoking SED. * --help: Invoking SED. * --quiet: Invoking SED. * --silent: Invoking SED. * --version: Invoking SED. * -e: Invoking SED. * -f: Invoking SED. * -h: Invoking SED. * -n: Invoking SED. * -n, forcing from within a script: Common Commands. * -V: Invoking SED. * : (label) command: Programming Commands. * = (print line number) command: Other Commands. * a (append text lines) command: Other Commands. * b (branch) command: Programming Commands. * c (change to text lines) command: Other Commands. * D (delete first line) command: Other Commands. * d (delete) command: Common Commands. * G (appending Get) command: Other Commands. * g (get) command: Other Commands. * H (append Hold) command: Other Commands. * h (hold) command: Other Commands. * i (insert text lines) command: Other Commands. * l (list unambiguously) command: Other Commands. * N (append Next line) command: Other Commands. * n (next-line) command: Common Commands. * P (print first line) command: Other Commands. * p (print) command: Common Commands. * q (quit) command: Common Commands. * r (read file) command: Other Commands. * s (substitute) command: Common Commands. * s command, option flags: Common Commands. * t (conditional branch) command: Programming Commands. * w (write file) command: Other Commands. * x (eXchange) command: Other Commands. * y (transliterate) command: Other Commands. * {} command grouping: Common Commands.  Tag Table: Node: Top1042 Node: Introduction1762 Node: Invoking SED2308 Node: sed Programs3751 Node: Addresses4736 Node: Regular Expressions7443 Node: Data Spaces7802 Node: Common Commands8325 Node: Other Commands12456 Node: Programming Commands16367 Node: Examples17266 Node: Limitations17560 Node: Other Resources18218 Node: Reporting Bugs19000 Node: Concept Index19248 Node: Command and Option Index24957  End Tag Table Addresses. * Address, numeric: Addresses. * Addresses, in SED scripts: Addresses. * Addtional reading about SED: Other Resources. * Append hold space to pattern space: Other Commands. * Append next input line to pattern space: Other Commands. * Ap./man/ 755 0 0 0 7436166647 4653 ./man/man1/ 755 0 0 0 7436166650 5501 ./man/man1/sed.1 644 0 0 20075 6534344237 6444 .\" .\" sed.1 - the *roff document processor source for the sed manual .\" .\" This file is part of GNU sed. .\" Copyright (C) 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc. .\" .\" This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify .\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by .\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) .\" any later version. .\" .\" This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, .\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of .\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the .\" GNU General Public License for more details. .\" .\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License .\" along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software .\" Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */ .TH SED 1 "1998-05-07" "GNU Project" .ds sd \fIsed\fP .ds Sd \fISed\fP .SH NAME sed \- a Stream EDitor .SH SYNOPSIS .nf sed [-n] [-V] [--quiet] [--silent] [--version] [--help] [-e script] [--expression=script] [-f script-file] [--file=script-file] [script-if-no-other-script] [file...] .fi .SH DESCRIPTION \*(Sd is a stream editor. A stream editor is used to perform basic text transformations on an input stream (a file or input from a pipeline). While in some ways similar to an editor which permits scripted edits (such as \fIed\fP), \*(sd works by making only one pass over the input(s), and is consequently more efficient. But it is \*(sd's ability to filter text in a pipeline which particularly distinguishes it from other types of editors. .SH OPTIONS \*(Sd may be invoked with the following command-line options: .TP .B -V .TP .B --version Print out the version of sed that is being run and a copyright notice, then exit. .TP .B -h .TP .B --help Print a usage message briefly summarizing these command-line options and the bug-reporting address, then exit. .TP .B -n .TP .B --quiet .TP .B --silent By default, \*(sd will print out the pattern space at the end of each cycle through the script. These options disable this automatic printing, and \*(sd will only produce output when explicitly told to via the .B p command. .TP .B -e \fIscript\fP .TP .BI --expression= script Add the commands in .I script to the set of commands to be run while processing the input. .TP .B -f \fIscript-file\fP .TP .BI --file= script-file Add the commands contained in the file .I script-file to the set of commands to be run while processing the input. .PP If no .BR -e , -f , --expression , or .B --file options are given on the command-line, then the first non-option argument on the command line is taken to be the .I script to be executed. .PP If any command-line parameters remain after processing the above, these parameters are interpreted as the names of input files to be processed. A file name of .B - refers to the standard input stream. The standard input will processed if no file names are specified. .SH Command Synopsis This is just a brief synopsis of \*(sd commands to serve as a reminder to those who already know sed; other documentation (such as the texinfo document) must be consulted for fuller descriptions. .SS Zero-address ``commands'' .TP .RI :\ label Label for .B b and .B t commands. .TP .RI # comment The comment extends until the next newline (or the end of a .B -e script fragment). .TP } The closing bracket of a { } block. .SS Zero- or One- address commands .TP = Print the current line number. .TP a \e .TP .I text Append .IR text , which has each embedded newline preceeded by a backslash. .TP i \e .TP .I text Insert .IR text , which has each embedded newline preceeded by a backslash. .TP q Immediately quit the \*(sd script without processing any more input, except that if auto-print is not diabled the current pattern space will be printed. .TP .RI r\ filename Append text read from .IR filename . .SS Commands which accept address ranges .TP { Begin a block of commands (end with a }). .TP .RI b\ label Branch to .IR label ; if .I label is omitted, branch to end of script. .TP .RI t\ label If a s/// has done a successful substitution since the last input line was read and since the last t command, then branch to .IR label ; if .I label is omitted, branch to end of script. .TP c \e .TP .I text Replace the selected lines with .IR text , which has each embedded newline preceeded by a backslash. .TP d Delete pattern space. Start next cycle. .TP D Delete up to the first embedded newline in the pattern space. Start next cycle, but skip reading from the input if there is still data in the pattern space. .TP h H Copy/append pattern space to hold space. .TP g G Copy/append hold space to pattern space. .TP x Exchange the contents of the hold and pattern spaces. .TP l List out the current line in a ``visually unambiguous'' form. .TP n N Read/append the next line of input into the pattern space. .TP p Print the current pattern space. .TP P Print up to the first embedded newline of the current pattern space. .TP .RI s/ regexp / replacement / Attempt to match .I regexp against the pattern space. If successful, replace that portion matched with .IR replacement . The .I replacement may contain the special character .B & to refer to that portion of the pattern space which matched, and the special escapes \e1 through \e9 to refer to the corresponding matching sub-expressions in the .IR regexp . .TP w .I filename Write the current pattern space to .IR filename . .TP .RI y/ source / dest / Transliterate the characters in the pattern space which appear in .I source to the corresponding character in .IR dest . .SH Addresses \*(Sd commands can be given with no addresses, in which case the command will be executed for all input lines; with one address, in which case the command will only be executed for input lines which match that address; or with two addresses, in which case the command will be executed for all input lines which match the inclusive range of lines starting from the first address and continuing to the second address. Three things to note about address ranges: the syntax is .IR addr1 , addr2 (i.e., the addresses are separated by a comma); the line which .I addr1 matched will always be accepted, even if .I addr2 selects an earlier line; and if .I addr2 is a .IR regexp , it will not be tested against the line that .I addr1 matched. .PP After the address (or address-range), and before the command, a .B ! may be inserted, which specifies that the command shall only be executed if the address (or address-range) does .B not match. .PP The following address types are supported: .TP .I number Match only the specified line .IR number . .TP .IR first ~ step Match every .IR step 'th line starting with line .IR first . For example, ``sed -n 1~2p'' will print all the odd-numbered lines in the input stream, and the address 2~5 will match every fifth line, starting with the second. (This is a GNU extension.) .TP $ Match the last line. .TP .RI / regexp / Match lines matching the regular expression .IR regexp . .TP .BI \fR\e\fPc regexp c Match lines matching the regular expression .IR regexp . The .B c may be any character. .SH Regular expressions POSIX.2 BREs .I should be supported, but they aren't completely yet. The .B \en sequence in a regular expression matches the newline character. There are also some GNU extensions. [XXX FIXME: more needs to be said. At the very least, a reference to another document which describes what is supported should be given.] .SH Miscellaneous notes This version of sed supports a .RB \e sequence in all regular expressions, the .I replacement part of a substitute (s) command, and in the .I source and .I dest parts of a transliterate (y) command. The \e is stripped, and the newline is kept. .SH SEE ALSO .BR awk (1), .BR ed (1), .BR expr (1), .BR emacs (1), .BR perl (1), .BR tr (1), .BR vi (1), .BR regex (5) [well, one .I ought to be written... XXX], sed.info, any of various books on \*(sd, .na the \*(sd FAQ (http://www.wollery.demon.co.uk/sedtut10.txt, http://www.ptug.org/sed/sedfaq.htm). .SH BUGS .PP E-mail bug reports to .BR bug-gnu-utils@gnu.org . Be sure to include the word ``sed'' somewhere in the ``Subject:'' field. Other Commands. * Hold space, appending to pattern space: Other Commands. * Hold space, copy into pattern space: Other Commands. * Hold space, copying pattern space into: Other Commands. * Hold space, definition: Data Spaces. * Hold space, exchange with pattern space: Other Commands. * Insert text from a file: Other Commands. * Inserting a block of text before a line: Other Commands. * Labels, in scripts: of pattern space: Other Commands. * Printing text after substitution: Common Commands. * Quitting: Common Commands. * Range of lines: Addresses. * Read next input line: Common Commands. * Read text from a file: Other Commands. * Replace hold space with copy of pattern space: Other Commands. * Replace pattern space with copy of hold space: Other Commands. * Replace specific input lines: Other Commands. * Replacing all text matching regexp in a line: Common Commands. * Replacing only Nth match of regexp in a line: Common Commands. * Replacing text matching regexp: Common Commands. * Replacing text matching regexp, options: Common Commands. * Script structure: sed Programs. * Script, from a file: Invoking SED. * Script, from command line: Invoking SED. * SED program structure: sed Programs. * Selected lines, replacing: Other Commands. * Selecting lines to process: Addresses. * Selecting non-matching lines: Addresses. * Several lines, selecting: Addresses. * Slash character, in regular expressions: Addresses. * Spaces, pattern and hold: Data Spaces. * Standard input, processing as input: Invoking SED. * Stream editor: Introduction. * Substitution of text: Common Commands. * Substitution of text, options: Common Commands. * Text, appending: Other Commands. * Text, insertion: Other Commands. * Transliteration: Other Commands. * Usage summary, printing: Invoking SED. * Version, printing: Invoking SED. * Write result of a substitution to file: Common Commands. * Write to a file: Other Commands.  File: sed.info, Node: Command and Option Index, Prev: Concept Index, Up: Top Command and Option Index ************************ This is an alphabetical list of all SED commands and command-line opions. * Menu: * # (comment) command: Common Commands. * --expression: Invoking SED. * --file: Invoking SED. * --help: Invoking SED. * --quiet: Invoking SED. * --silent: Invoking SED. * --version: Invoking SED. * -e: Invoking SED. * -f: Invoking SED. * -h: Invoking SED. * -n: Invoking SED. * -n, forcing from within a script: Common Commands. * -V: Invoking SED. * : (label) command: Programming Commands. * = (print line number) command: Other Commands. * a (append text lines) command: Other Commands. * b (branch) command: Programming Commands. * c (change to text lines) command: Other Commands. * D (delete first line) command: Other Commands. * d (delete) command: Common Commands. * G (appending Get) command: Other Commands. * g (get) command: Other Commands. * H (append Hold) command: Other Commands. * h (hold) command: Other Commands. * i (insert text lines) command: Other Commands. * l (list unambiguously) command: Other Commands. * N (append Next line) command: Other Commands. * n (next-line) command: Common Commands. * P (print first line) command: Other Commands. * p (print) command: Common Commands. * q (quit) command: Common Commands. * r (read file) command: Other Commands. * s (substitute) command: Common Commands. * s command, option flags: Common Commands. * t (conditional branch) command: Programming Commands. * w (write file) command: Other Commands. * x (eXchange) command: Other Commands. * y (transliterate) command: Other Commands. * {} command grouping: Common Commands.  Tag Table: Node: Top1042 Node: Introduction1762 Node: Invoking SED2308 Node: sed Programs3751 Node: Addresses4736 Node: Regular Expressions7443 Node: Data Spaces7802 Node: Common Commands8325 Node: Other Commands12456 Node: Programming Commands16367 Node: Examples17266 Node: Limitations17560 Node: Other Resources18218 Node: Reporting Bugs19000 Node: Concept Index19248 Node: Command and Option Index24957  End Tag Table Addresses. * Address, numeric: Addresses. * Addresses, in SED scripts: Addresses. * Addtional reading about SED: Other Resources. * Append hold space to pattern space: Other Commands. * Append next input line to pattern space: Other Commands. * Ap./man/ 755 0 0 0 7436166647 4653 ./man/man1/ 755 0 0 0 7436166650 5501 ./man/man1/sed.1 644 0 0 20075 6534344237 6444 .\" .\" sed.1 - the *roff document processor source for the sed manual .\" .\" This file is part of GNU sed. .\" Copyright (C) 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc. .\" .\" This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify .\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by .\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) .\" any later version. .\" .\" This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, .\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; wi