./ 755 0 0 0 7445244473 4072 ./info/ 755 0 0 0 7445244466 5027 ./info/sed.info 644 0 0 66257 7445244465 6603 This is sed.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.1 from sed.texi. START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY * sed: (sed). Stream EDitor. END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY This file documents SED, a stream editor. Published by the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330 Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA Copyright (C) 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Foundation.  File: sed.info, Node: Top, Next: Introduction, Prev: (dir), Up: (dir) This document was produced for version 3.02 of GNU SED. * Menu: * Introduction:: Introduction * Invoking SED:: Invocation * sed Programs:: SED programs * Examples:: Some sample scripts * Limitations:: About the (non-)limitations on line length * Other Resources:: Other resources for learning about SED * Reporting Bugs:: Reporting bugs * Concept Index:: A menu with all the topics in this manual. * Command and Option Index:: A menu with all SED commands and command-line options.  File: sed.info, Node: Introduction, Next: Invoking SED, Prev: Top, Up: Top Introduction ************ SED is a stream editor. A stream editor is used to perform basic text transformations on an input stream (a file or input from a pipeline). While in some ways similar to an editor which permits scripted edits (such as ED), SED works by making only one pass over the input(s), and is consequently more efficient. But it is SED's ability to filter text in a pipeline which particularly distinguishes it from other types of editors.  File: sed.info, Node: Invoking SED, Next: sed Programs, Prev: Introduction, Up: Top Invocation ********** SED may be invoked with the following command-line options: `-V' `--version' Print out the version of SED that is being run and a copyright notice, then exit. `-h' `--help' Print a usage message briefly summarizing these command-line options and the bug-reporting address, then exit. `-n' `--quiet' `--silent' By default, SED will print out the pattern space at then end of each cycle through the script. These options disable this automatic printing, and SED will only produce output when explicitly told to via the `p' command. `-e SCRIPT' `--expression=SCRIPT' Add the commands in SCRIPT to the set of commands to be run while processing the input. `-f SCRIPT-FILE' `--file=SCRIPT-FILE' Add the commands contained in the file SCRIPT-FILE to the set of commands to be run while processing the input. If no `-e', `-f', `--expression', or `--file' options are given on the command-line, then the first non-option argument on the command line is taken to be the SCRIPT to be executed. If any command-line parameters remain after processing the above, these parameters are interpreted as the names of input files to be processed. A file name of `-' refers to the standard input stream. The standard input will processed if no file names are specified.  File: sed.info, Node: sed Programs, Next: Examples, Prev: Invoking SED, Up: Top SED Programs ************ A SED program consists of one or more SED commands, passed in by one or more of the `-e', `-f', `--expression', and `--file' options, or the first non-option argument if zero of these options are used. This document will refer to "the" SED script; this will be understood to mean the in-order catenation of all of the SCRIPTs and SCRIPT-FILEs passed in. Each SED command consists of an optional address or address range, followed by a one-character command name and any additional command-specific code. * Menu: * Addresses:: Selecting lines with SED * Regular Expressions:: Overview of regular expression syntax * Data Spaces:: Where SED buffers data * Common Commands:: Often used commands * Other Commands:: Less frequently used commands * Programming Commands:: Commands for die-hard SED programmers  File: sed.info, Node: Addresses, Next: Regular Expressions, Prev: sed Programs, Up: sed Programs Selecting lines with SED ======================== Addresses in a SED script can be in any of the following forms: `NUMBER' Specifying a line number will match only that line in the input. (Note that SED counts lines continuously across all input files.) `FIRST~STEP' This GNU extension matches every STEPth line starting with line FIRST. In particular, lines will be selected when there exists a non-negative N such that the current line-number equals FIRST + (N * STEP). Thus, to select the odd-numbered lines, one would use `1~2'; to pick every third line starting with the second, `2~3' would be used; to pick every fifth line starting with the tenth, use `10~5'; and `50~0' is just an obscure way of saying `50'. `$' This address matches the last line of the last file of input. `/REGEXP/' This will select any line which matches the regular expression REGEXP. If REGEXP itself includes any `/' characters, each must be escaped by a backslash (`\'). `\%REGEXP%' (The `%' may be replaced by any other single character.) This also matches the regular expression REGEXP, but allows one to use a different delimiter than `/'. This is particularly useful if the REGEXP itself contains a lot of `/'s, since it avoids the tedious escaping of every `/'. If REGEXP itself includes any delimiter characters, each must be escaped by a backslash (`\'). `/REGEXP/I' `\%REGEXP%I' The `I' modifier to regular-expression matching is a GNU extension which causes the REGEXP to be matched in a case-insensitive manner. If no addresses are given, then all lines are matched; if one address is given, then only lines matching that address are matched. An address range can be specified by specifying two addresses separated by a comma (`,'). An address range matches lines starting from where the first address matches, and continues until the second address matches (inclusively). If the second address is a REGEXP, then checking for the ending match will start with the line _following_ the line which matched the first address. If the second address is a NUMBER less than (or equal to) the line matching the first address, then only the one line is matched. Appending the `!' character to the end of an address specification will negate the sense of the match. That is, if the `!' character follows an address range, then only lines which do _not_ match the address range will be selected. This also works for singleton addresses, and, perhaps perversely, for the null address.  File: sed.info, Node: Regular Expressions, Next: Data Spaces, Prev: Addresses, Up: sed Programs Overview of regular expression syntax ===================================== [[I may add a brief overview of regular expressions at a later date; for now see any of the various other documentations for regular expressions, such as the AWK info page.]]  File: sed.info, Node: Data Spaces, Next: Common Commands, Prev: Regular Expressions, Up: sed Programs Where SED buffers data ====================== SED maintains two data buffers: the active _pattern_ space, and the auxiliary _hold_ space. In "normal" operation, SED reads in one line from the input stream and places it in the pattern space. This pattern space is where text manipulations occur. The hold space is initially empty, but there are commands for moving data between the pattern and hold spaces.  File: sed.info, Node: Common Commands, Next: Other Commands, Prev: Data Spaces, Up: sed Programs Often used commands =================== If you use SED at all, you will quite likely want to know these commands. `#' [No addresses allowed.] The `#' "command" begins a comment; the comment continues until the next newline. If you are concerned about portability, be aware that some implementations of SED (which are not POSIX.2 conformant) may only support a single one-line comment, and then only when the very first character of the script is a `#'. Warning: if the first two characters of the SED script are `#n', then the `-n' (no-autoprint) option is forced. If you want to put a comment in the first line of your script and that comment begins with the letter `n' and you do not want this behavior, then be sure to either use a capital `N', or place at least one space before the `n'. `s/REGEXP/REPLACEMENT/FLAGS' (The `/' characters may be uniformly replaced by any other single character within any given `s' command.) The `/' character (or whatever other character is used in its stead) can appear in the REGEXP or REPLACEMENT only if it is preceded by a `\' character. Also newlines may appear in the REGEXP using the two character sequence `\n'. The `s' command attempts to match the pattern space against the supplied REGEXP. If the match is successful, then that portion of the pattern space which was matched is replaced with REPLACEMENT. The REPLACEMENT can contain `\N' (N being a number from 1 to 9, inclusive) references, which refer to the portion of the match which is contained between the Nth `\(' and its matching `\)'. Also, the REPLACEMENT can contain unescaped `&' characters which will reference the whole matched portion of the pattern space. To include a literal `\', `&', or newline in the final replacement, be sure to precede the desired `\', `&', or newline in the REPLACEMENT with a `\'. The `s' command can be followed with zero or more of the following FLAGS: `g' Apply the replacement to _all_ matches to the REGEXP, not just the first. `p' If the substitution was made, then print the new pattern space. `NUMBER' Only replace the NUMBERth match of the REGEXP. `w FILE-NAME' If the substitution was made, then write out the result to the named file. `I' (This is a GNU extension.) Match REGEXP in a case-insensitive manner. `q' [At most one address allowed.] Exit SED without processing any more commands or input. Note that the current pattern space is printed if auto-print is not disabled. `d' Delete the pattern space; immediately start next cycle. `p' Print out the pattern space (to the standard output). This command is usually only used in conjunction with the `-n' command-line option. Note: some implementations of SED, such as this one, will double-print lines when auto-print is not disabled and the `p' command is given. Other implementations will only print the line once. Both ways conform with the POSIX.2 standard, and so neither way can be considered to be in error. Portable SED scripts should thus avoid relying on either behavior; either use the `-n' option and explicitly print what you want, or avoid use of the `p' command (and also the `p' flag to the `s' command). `n' If auto-print is not disabled, print the pattern space, then, regardless, replace the pattern space with the next line of input. If there is no more input then SED exits without processing any more commands. `{ COMMANDS }' A group of commands may be enclosed between `{' and `}' characters. (The `}' must appear in a zero-address command context.) This is particularly useful when you want a group of commands to be triggered by a single address (or address-range) match.  File: sed.info, Node: Other Commands, Next: Programming Commands, Prev: Common Commands, Up: sed Programs Less frequently used commands ============================= Though perhaps less frequently used than those in the previous section, some very small yet useful SED scripts can be built with these commands. `y/SOURCE-CHARS/DEST-CHARS/' (The `/' characters may be uniformly replaced by any other single character within any given `y' command.) Transliterate any characters in the pattern space which match any of the SOURCE-CHARS with the corresponding character in DEST-CHARS. Instances of the `/' (or whatever other character is used in its stead), `\', or newlines can appear in the SOURCE-CHARS or DEST-CHARS lists, provide that each instance is escaped by a `\'. The SOURCE-CHARS and DEST-CHARS lists _must_ contain the same number of characters (after de-escaping). `a\' `TEXT' [At most one address allowed.] Queue the lines of text which follow this command (each but the last ending with a `\', which will be removed from the output) to be output at the end of the current cycle, or when the next input line is read. `i\' `TEXT' [At most one address allowed.] Immediately output the lines of text which follow this command (each but the last ending with a `\', which will be removed from the output). `c\' `TEXT' Delete the lines matching the address or address-range, and output the lines of text which follow this command (each but the last ending with a `\', which will be removed from the output) in place of the last line (or in place of each line, if no addresses were specified). A new cycle is started after this command is done, since the pattern space will have been deleted. `=' [At most one address allowed.] Print out the current input line number (with a trailing newline). `l' Print the pattern space in an unambiguous form: non-printable characters (and the `\' character) are printed in C-style escaped form; long lines are split, with a trailing `\' character to indicate the split; the end of each line is marked with a `$'. `r FILENAME' [At most one address allowed.] Queue the contents of FILENAME to be read and inserted into the output stream at the end of the current cycle, or when the next input line is read. Note that if FILENAME cannot be read, it is treated as if it were an empty file, without any error indication. `w FILENAME' Write the pattern space to FILENAME. The FILENAME will be created (or truncated) before the first input line is read; all `w' commands (including instances of `w' flag on successful `s' commands) which refer to the same FILENAME are output through the same FILE stream. `D' Delete text in the pattern space up to the first newline. If any text is left, restart cycle with the resultant pattern space (without reading a new line of input), otherwise start a normal new cycle. `N' Add a newline to the pattern space, then append the next line of input to the pattern space. If there is no more input then SED exits without processing any more commands. `P' Print out the portion of the pattern space up to the first newline. `h' Replace the contents of the hold space with the contents of the pattern space. `H' Append a newline to the contents of the hold space, and then append the contents of the pattern space to that of the hold space. `g' Replace the contents of the pattern space with the contents of the hold space. `G' Append a newline to the contents of the pattern space, and then append the contents of the hold space to that of the pattern space. `x' Exchange the contents of the hold and pattern spaces.  File: sed.info, Node: Programming Commands, Prev: Other Commands, Up: sed Programs Commands for die-hard SED programmers ===================================== In most cases, use of these commands indicates that you are probably better off programming in something like PERL. But occasionally one is committed to sticking with SED, and these commands can enable one to write quite convoluted scripts. `: LABEL' [No addresses allowed.] Specify the location of LABEL for the `b' and `t' commands. In all other respects, a no-op. `b LABEL' Unconditionally branch to LABEL. The LABEL may be omitted, in which case the next cycle is started. `t LABEL' Branch to LABEL only if there has been a successful `s'ubstitution since the last input line was read or `t' branch was taken. The LABEL may be omitted, in which case the next cycle is started.  File: sed.info, Node: Examples, Next: Limitations, Prev: sed Programs, Up: Top Some sample scripts ******************* [[Not this release, sorry. But check out the scripts in the testsuite directory, and the amazing dc.sed script in the top-level directory of this distribution.]]  File: sed.info, Node: Limitations, Next: Other Resources, Prev: Examples, Up: Top About the (non-)limitations on line length ****************************************** For those who want to write portable SED scripts, be aware that some implementations have been known to limit line lengths (for the pattern and hold spaces) to be no more than 4000 bytes. The POSIX.2 standard specifies that conforming SED implementations shall support at least 8192 byte line lengths. GNU SED has no built-in limit on line length; as long as SED can malloc() more (virtual) memory, it will allow lines as long as you care to feed it (or construct within it).  File: sed.info, Node: Other Resources, Next: Reporting Bugs, Prev: Limitations, Up: Top Other resources for learning about SED ************************************** In addition to several books that have been written about SED (either specifically or as chapters in books which discuss shell programming), one can find out more about SED (including suggestions of a few books) from the FAQ for the seders mailing list, available from any of: `http://www.dbnet.ece.ntua.gr/~george/sed/sedfaq.html' `http://www.ptug.org/sed/sedfaq.htm' `http://www.wollery.demon.co.uk/sedtut10.txt' There is an informal "seders" mailing list manually maintained by Al Aab. To subscribe, send e-mail to with a brief description of your interest.  File: sed.info, Node: Reporting Bugs, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Other Resources, Up: Top Reporting bugs ************** Email bug reports to . Be sure to include the word "sed" somewhere in the "Subject:" field.  File: sed.info, Node: Concept Index, Next: Command and Option Index, Prev: Reporting Bugs, Up: Top Concept Index ************* This is a general index of all issues discussed in this manual, with the exception of the SED commands and command-line options. * Menu: * Adding a block of text after a line: Other Commands. * Address, as a regular expression: Addresses. * Address, last line: Addresses. * Address, numeric: Addresses. * Addresses, in SED scripts: Addresses. * Addtional reading about SED: Other Resources. * Append hold space to pattern space: Other Commands. * Append next input line to pattern space: Other Commands. * Append pattern space to hold space: Other Commands. * Backreferences, in regular expressions: Common Commands. * Branch to a label, if s/// succeeded: Programming Commands. * Branch to a label, unconditionally: Programming Commands. * Buffer spaces, pattern and hold: Data Spaces. * Bugs, reporting: Reporting Bugs. * Case-insensitive matching: Common Commands. * Caveat -- #n on first line: Common Commands. * Caveat -- p command and -n flag: Common Commands. * Command groups: Common Commands. * Comments, in scripts: Common Commands. * Conditional branch: Programming Commands. * Copy hold space into pattern space: Other Commands. * Copy pattern space into hold space: Other Commands. * Delete first line from pattern space: Other Commands. * Deleting lines: Common Commands. * Exchange hold space with pattern space: Other Commands. * Excluding lines: Addresses. * Files to be processed as input: Invoking SED. * Flow of control in scripts: Programming Commands. * Global substitution: Common Commands. * GNU extensions, I modifier <1>: Common Commands. * GNU extensions, I modifier: Addresses. * GNU extensions, N~M addresses: Addresses. * GNU extensions, unlimited line length: Limitations. * Goto, in scripts: Programming Commands. * Grouping commands: Common Commands. * Hold space, appending from pattern space: Other Commands. * Hold space, appending to pattern space: Other Commands. * Hold space, copy into pattern space: Other Commands. * Hold space, copying pattern space into: Other Commands. * Hold space, definition: Data Spaces. * Hold space, exchange with pattern space: Other Commands. * Insert text from a file: Other Commands. * Inserting a block of text before a line: Other Commands. * Labels, in scripts: Programming Commands. * Last line, selecting: Addresses. * Line number, print: Other Commands. * Line selection: Addresses. * Line, selecting by number: Addresses. * Line, selecting by regular expression match: Addresses. * Line, selecting last: Addresses. * List pattern space: Other Commands. * Next input line, append to pattern space: Other Commands. * Next input line, replace pattern space with: Common Commands. * Parenthesized substrings: Common Commands. * Pattern space, definition: Data Spaces. * Portability, comments: Common Commands. * Portability, line length limitations: Limitations. * Portability, p command and -n flag: Common Commands. * Print first line from pattern space: Other Commands. * Print line number: Other Commands. * Print selected lines: Common Commands. * Print unambiguous representation of pattern space: Other Commands. * Printing text after substitution: Common Commands. * Quitting: Common Commands. * Range of lines: Addresses. * Read next input line: Common Commands. * Read text from a file: Other Commands. * Replace hold space with copy of pattern space: Other Commands. * Replace pattern space with copy of hold space: Other Commands. * Replace specific input lines: Other Commands. * Replacing all text matching regexp in a line: Common Commands. * Replacing only Nth match of regexp in a line: Common Commands. * Replacing text matching regexp: Common Commands. * Replacing text matching regexp, options: Common Commands. * Script structure: sed Programs. * Script, from a file: Invoking SED. * Script, from command line: Invoking SED. * SED program structure: sed Programs. * Selected lines, replacing: Other Commands. * Selecting lines to process: Addresses. * Selecting non-matching lines: Addresses. * Several lines, selecting: Addresses. * Slash character, in regular expressions: Addresses. * Spaces, pattern and hold: Data Spaces. * Standard input, processing as input: Invoking SED. * Stream editor: Introduction. * Substitution of text: Common Commands. * Substitution of text, options: Common Commands. * Text, appending: Other Commands. * Text, insertion: Other Commands. * Transliteration: Other Commands. * Usage summary, printing: Invoking SED. * Version, printing: Invoking SED. * Write result of a substitution to file: Common Commands. * Write to a file: Other Commands.  File: sed.info, Node: Command and Option Index, Prev: Concept Index, Up: Top Command and Option Index ************************ This is an alphabetical list of all SED commands and command-line opions. * Menu: * # (comment) command: Common Commands. * --expression: Invoking SED. * --file: Invoking SED. * --help: Invoking SED. * --quiet: Invoking SED. * --silent: Invoking SED. * --version: Invoking SED. * -e: Invoking SED. * -f: Invoking SED. * -h: Invoking SED. * -n: Invoking SED. * -n, forcing from within a script: Common Commands. * -V: Invoking SED. * : (label) command: Programming Commands. * = (print line number) command: Other Commands. * a (append text lines) command: Other Commands. * b (branch) command: Programming Commands. * c (change to text lines) command: Other Commands. * D (delete first line) command: Other Commands. * d (delete) command: Common Commands. * G (appending Get) command: Other Commands. * g (get) command: Other Commands. * H (append Hold) command: Other Commands. * h (hold) command: Other Commands. * i (insert text lines) command: Other Commands. * l (list unambiguously) command: Other Commands. * N (append Next line) command: Other Commands. * n (next-line) command: Common Commands. * P (print first line) command: Other Commands. * p (print) command: Common Commands. * q (quit) command: Common Commands. * r (read file) command: Other Commands. * s (substitute) command: Common Commands. * s command, option flags: Common Commands. * t (conditional branch) command: Programming Commands. * w (write file) command: Other Commands. * x (eXchange) command: Other Commands. * y (transliterate) command: Other Commands. * {} command grouping: Common Commands.  Tag Table: Node: Top1016 Node: Introduction1736 Node: Invoking SED2282 Node: sed Programs3725 Node: Addresses4710 Node: Regular Expressions7417 Node: Data Spaces7776 Node: Common Commands8299 Node: Other Commands12430 Node: Programming Commands16341 Node: Examples17240 Node: Limitations17534 Node: Other Resources18192 Node: Reporting Bugs18974 Node: Concept Index19222 Node: Command and Option Index24931  End Tag Table Addresses. * Address, numeric: Addresses. * Addresses, in SED scripts: Addresses. * Addtional reading about SED: Other Resources. * Append hold space to pattern space: Other Commands. * Append next input line to pattern space: Other Commands. * Append pattern space to hold./info/dir 644 0 0 1133 7445244466 5613 This is the file .../info/dir, which contains the topmost node of the Info hierarchy, called (dir)Top. The first time you invoke Info you start off looking at this node.  File: dir, Node: Top This is the top of the INFO tree This (the Directory node) gives a menu of major topics. Typing "q" exits, "?" lists all Info commands, "d" returns here, "h" gives a primer for first-timers, "mEmacs" visits the Emacs manual, etc. In Emacs, you can click mouse button 2 on a menu item or cross reference to select it. * Menu: Miscellaneous * sed: (sed). Stream EDitor. ./man/ 755 0 0 0 7445244467 4650 ./man/man1/ 755 0 0 0 7445244470 5476 ./man/man1/sed.1 644 0 0 20075 7445244470 6444 .\" .\" sed.1 - the *roff document processor source for the sed manual .\" .\" This file is part of GNU sed. .\" Copyright (C) 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc. .\" .\" This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify .\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by .\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) .\" any later version. .\" .\" This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, .\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of .\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the .\" GNU General Public License for more details. .\" .\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License .\" along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software .\" Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */ .TH SED 1 "1998-05-07" "GNU Project" .ds sd \fIsed\fP .ds Sd \fISed\fP .SH NAME sed \- a Stream EDitor .SH SYNOPSIS .nf sed [-n] [-V] [--quiet] [--silent] [--version] [--help] [-e script] [--expression=script] [-f script-file] [--file=script-file] [script-if-no-other-script] [file...] .fi .SH DESCRIPTION \*(Sd is a stream editor. A stream editor is used to perform basic text transformations on an input stream (a file or input from a pipeline). While in some ways similar to an editor which permits scripted edits (such as \fIed\fP), \*(sd works by making only one pass over the input(s), and is consequently more efficient. But it is \*(sd's ability to filter text in a pipeline which particularly distinguishes it from other types of editors. .SH OPTIONS \*(Sd may be invoked with the following command-line options: .TP .B -V .TP .B --version Print out the version of sed that is being run and a copyright notice, then exit. .TP .B -h .TP .B --help Print a usage message briefly summarizing these command-line options and the bug-reporting address, then exit. .TP .B -n .TP .B --quiet .TP .B --silent By default, \*(sd will print out the pattern space at the end of each cycle through the script. These options disable this automatic printing, and \*(sd will only produce output when explicitly told to via the .B p command. .TP .B -e \fIscript\fP .TP .BI --expression= script Add the commands in .I script to the set of commands to be run while processing the input. .TP .B -f \fIscript-file\fP .TP .BI --file= script-file Add the commands contained in the file .I script-file to the set of commands to be run while processing the input. .PP If no .BR -e , -f , --expression , or .B --file options are given on the command-line, then the first non-option argument on the command line is taken to be the .I script to be executed. .PP If any command-line parameters remain after processing the above, these parameters are interpreted as the names of input files to be processed. A file name of .B - refers to the standard input stream. The standard input will processed if no file names are specified. .SH Command Synopsis This is just a brief synopsis of \*(sd commands to serve as a reminder to those who already know sed; other documentation (such as the texinfo document) must be consulted for fuller descriptions. .SS Zero-address ``commands'' .TP .RI :\ label Label for .B b and .B t commands. .TP .RI # comment The comment extends until the next newline (or the end of a .B -e script fragment). .TP } The closing bracket of a { } block. .SS Zero- or One- address commands .TP = Print the current line number. .TP a \e .TP .I text Append .IR text , which has each embedded newline preceeded by a backslash. .TP i \e .TP .I text Insert .IR text , which has each embedded newline preceeded by a backslash. .TP q Immediately quit the \*(sd script without processing any more input, except that if auto-print is not diabled the current pattern space will be printed. .TP .RI r\ filename Append text read from .IR filename . .SS Commands which accept address ranges .TP { Begin a block of commands (end with a }). .TP .RI b\ label Branch to .IR label ; if .I label is omitted, branch to end of script. .TP .RI t\ label If a s/// has done a successful substitution since the last input line was read and since the last t command, then branch to .IR label ; if .I label is omitted, branch to end of script. .TP c \e .TP .I text Replace the selected lines with .IR text , which has each embedded newline preceeded by a backslash. .TP d Delete pattern space. Start next cycle. .TP D Delete up to the first embedded newline in the pattern space. Start next cycle, but skip reading from the input if there is still data in the pattern space. .TP h H Copy/append pattern space to hold space. .TP g G Copy/append hold space to pattern space. .TP x Exchange the contents of the hold and pattern spaces. .TP l List out the current line in a ``visually unambiguous'' form. .TP n N Read/append the next line of input into the pattern space. .TP p Print the current pattern space. .TP P Print up to the first embedded newline of the current pattern space. .TP .RI s/ regexp / replacement / Attempt to match .I regexp against the pattern space. If successful, replace that portion matched with .IR replacement . The .I replacement may contain the special character .B & to refer to that portion of the pattern space which matched, and the special escapes \e1 through \e9 to refer to the corresponding matching sub-expressions in the .IR regexp . .TP w .I filename Write the current pattern space to .IR filename . .TP .RI y/ source / dest / Transliterate the characters in the pattern space which appear in .I source to the corresponding character in .IR dest . .SH Addresses \*(Sd commands can be given with no addresses, in which case the command will be executed for all input lines; with one address, in which case the command will only be executed for input lines which match that address; or with two addresses, in which case the command will be executed for all input lines which match the inclusive range of lines starting from the first address and continuing to the second address. Three things to note about address ranges: the syntax is .IR addr1 , addr2 (i.e., the addresses are separated by a comma); the line which .I addr1 matched will always be accepted, even if .I addr2 selects an earlier line; and if .I addr2 is a .IR regexp , it will not be tested against the line that .I addr1 matched. .PP After the address (or address-range), and before the command, a .B ! may be inserted, which specifies that the command shall only be executed if the address (or address-range) does .B not match. .PP The following address types are supported: .TP .I number Match only the specified line .IR number . .TP .IR first ~ step Match every .IR step 'th line starting with line .IR first . For example, ``sed -n 1~2p'' will print all the odd-numbered lines in the input stream, and the address 2~5 will match every fifth line, starting with the second. (This is a GNU extension.) .TP $ Match the last line. .TP .RI / regexp / Match lines matching the regular expression .IR regexp . .TP .BI \fR\e\fPc regexp c Match lines matching the regular expression .IR regexp . The .B c may be any character. .SH Regular expressions POSIX.2 BREs .I should be supported, but they aren't completely yet. The .B \en sequence in a regular expression matches the newline character. There are also some GNU extensions. [XXX FIXME: more needs to be said. At the very least, a reference to another document which describes what is supported should be given.] .SH Miscellaneous notes This version of sed supports a .RB \e sequence in all regular expressions, the .I replacement part of a substitute (s) command, and in the .I source and .I dest parts of a transliterate (y) command. The \e is stripped, and the newline is kept. .SH SEE ALSO .BR awk (1), .BR ed (1), .BR expr (1), .BR emacs (1), .BR perl (1), .BR tr (1), .BR vi (1), .BR regex (5) [well, one .I ought to be written... XXX], sed.info, any of various books on \*(sd, .na the \*(sd FAQ (http://www.wollery.demon.co.uk/sedtut10.txt, http://www.ptug.org/sed/sedfaq.htm). .SH BUGS .PP E-mail bug reports to .BR bug-gnu-utils@gnu.org . Be sure to include the word ``sed'' somewhere in the ``Subject:'' field. ed manual .\" .\" This file is part of GNU sed. .\" Copyright (C) 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc. .\" .\" This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify .\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by .\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) .\" any later version. .\" .\" This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, .\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; wi./bin/ 755 0 0 0 7445244507 4640 ./bin/sed 755 0 0 160000 7445244502 5456 l8__PAGEZERO X__TEXT __text__TEXT@x& x__fvmlib_init0__TEXTɠH__fvmlib_init1__TEXT__cstring__TEXT __constructor__TEXT__const__TEXT __destructor__TEXT__eh_frame__TEXT__DATA __data__DATAN__bss__DATAN__common__DATA8__LINKEDIT07/usr/shlib/libsys_s.B.shlibX@x O .#/H#R/H#aZJg yNJg yNJgaBJCgaa.aPNV-|ɠNq d n"h n"P`N^NuHV,OHyHyHy a @HyN/( a~N^NuHV,OH0 &.$<Jg$<(/9Hy/E%.NHyHyHy/N/aNqHV,OH0 &.$n BHyyaXJVID##`rЁre | p Np#`/9/a`/9/a$P`br# #`RHyΒHyHyΗHyE%.NHyΫHyHyNBa6BaXHxaXBHyHyΉ/ /a+&rf4Jf2o 9/2 RBa$P` HxaxX/a 9Hr /a$a@Hya'Jg HxaBL N^NuHV,OBN^NuHV,ON^NuHV,OH 0$yJg,GlNJg /*a'dX/N$* / NP$BJfBL N^NuHV,OH 8$. . 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R UB"4pf),"RbBBc UJ,g!,RRb+AL< N^NuHV,OHyHyHy a]r @/( aN^Nu @d=jT=dP=^D=X@=R<$P8$J420$V,$D$,$&$ $>($\H$ $2$$$$8 (d.L) )))%F)2-z" ($   __eh_frame__TEXTUsage: %s [OPTION]... {script-only-if-no-other-script} [input-file]... -n, --quiet, --silent suppress automatic printing of pattern space -e script, --expression=script add the script to the commands to be executed -f script-file, --file=script-file add the contents of script-file to the commands to be executed --help display this help and exit -V, --version output version information and exit If no -e, --expression, -f, or --file option is given, then the first non-option argument is taken as the sed script to interpret. All remaining arguments are names of input files; if no input files are specified, then the standard input is read. sedbug-gnu-utils@gnu.orgE-mail bug reports to: %s . Be sure to include the word ``%s'' somewhere in the ``Subject:'' field. helpversionsilentquietfileexpressionrxtestPOSIXLY_CORRECThnrVe:f:3.02GNU %s version %s Copyright (C) 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc.%s This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, to the extent permitted by law. rCan't find label for jump to '%s'Unexpected ','Multiple '!'s} doesn't want any addresses: doesn't want any addressesstrings for y command are different lengthsUnterminated address regexwmultiple number options to 's' commandnumber option to 's' command may not be zeroUnknown option to 's'Called savchar() with unexpected pushback (%x)%s: file %s line %lu: %s %s: -e expression #%lu, char %lu: %s %s: can't read %s: %s input read error: %sINTERNAL ERROR: bad address type%03o\ $ %lu INTERNAL ERROR: Bad cmd %c%s: {standard input}{standard output}{standard error}{Unknown file pointer}Couldn't open file %sscouldn't write %d item%s to %s: %sread error on %s: %sCouldn't flush %sCouldn't close %sCouldn't allocate memoryCouldn't re-allocate memory--%s: option `%s' is ambiguous %s: option `--%s' doesn't allow an argument %s: option `%c%s' doesn't allow an argument %s: option `%s' requires an argument %s: unrecognized option `--%s' %s: unrecognized option `%c%s' %s: illegal option -- %c %s: invalid option -- %c %s: option requires an argument -- %c %s: option `-W %s' is ambiguous %s: option `-W %s' doesn't allow an argument Unmatched ) or \)Regular expression too bigPremature end of regular expressionInvalid preceding regular expressionMemory exhaustedInvalid range endInvalid content of \{\}Unmatched \{Unmatched ( or \(Unmatched [ or [^Invalid back referenceTrailing backslashInvalid character class nameInvalid collation characterInvalid regular expressionNo matchSuccessalnumalphablankcntrldigitgraphlowerprintpunctspaceupperxdigitehA.BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB~BBBBBBBBBB2Command only uses one addressCommand doesn't take any addressesExtra characters after commandUnexpected End-of-filebad regexp: %s Unmatched `{'Unexpected `}'No previous regular expressionMissing commandUnterminated `s' commandUnterminated `y' commandLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLJ>LLJLLLLLLJLLJJLLLLLJLJLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLIJpIJLLJJILLJLJLJJJKJpLLJJKLI8LI\\\\\\^$^*^B^6^H^0^<eeeeeeeeeebeecPc|eeeeeced$eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeebbbbeec:cfceececedddvddeedeefebPeb`BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBzBBB&4{p{bBB~BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB{bBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBtByBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB\P0&00000RRRRRRRRR000F&00~00000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000n000dZ(8xVVddddRRRRRd8RRdddd8 Tll fL&&0&:HZf0VVVVV"VZVVVVVVVxVVVF`Ŕż.jƀrrrgebf\nUnMVHhUnknown command: ``_''-?՝Քy]@-ԻԪԅaF4N /shlib/libsys_s.B.shlibX@x